It is located in the interior of Spain, in the north of the Castile-León region. The city of Palencia is the capital.

The whole province is home to some outstanding examples of Romanesque art, and has one of largest concentrations of buildings in this style in the whole of Europe. One way of discovering this historic heritage is along the Way of Saint James, which in this province passes through the towns of Frómista, Población de Campos, Nogal de las Huertas and Carrión de los Condes. In the southern part, more examples of Romanesque art can be found in the area around the city of Palencia, while an important destination in the north is the town of Aguilar de Campoo.

The local gastronomic attractions feature particularly typical products like the local Churro lamb, beef from Cervera, cured meats and sausages from Palencia, and sweet confections such as ciegas de Saldaña and brazos de San Lorenzo.