Located in the Spanish-Portuguese border, all eight of its districts gather a collection of Neolithic dolmens that can be seen by following the posted routes.

The first remains found in the municipality are from different sections within the Palaeolithic period. However, it was during the Neolithic when the greatest mark was left in the municipality by the first civilisations that settled there: a collection of 41 dolmens (prehistoric burial constructions made with stone slabs) that constitute the best megalithic site in Europe, declared a Cultural Object in 1992. The remains of an aqueduct corroborate the existence of a Roman settlement.

Once inside the town, we find the Gothic-Jewish quarter. It is one of the most attractive and best-kept in Spain, declared a National Historic-Artistic Site, with many pointed main fronts. The church of Nuestra Señora de Rocamador was also declared a Historic-Artistic site. And we must not forget the Renaissance church of Encarnación, with its Gothic façade.

Every year, Valencia de Alcántara organises a walk through the countryside of the township, which they have called "La Transfrontera".