The history of civilisations

Created by Queen Isabella II, it is located next to the National Library.

The museum came into being at the end of the 19th century, and was designed to bring together and exhibit items related to archaeology, ethnography, decorative arts and stamps from a range of different institutions. The permanent collection provides a journey through the history of Spain, from prehistory to the 19th century. Its collection includes excellent pieces from all periods and styles, including Egyptian sarcophagi and mummies; Hispano-Roman decorative art; Moorish archaeology; and Mudejar masonry and ceramics. There is also a partial reconstruction of the Altamira Caves, and a library specialising in scientific publications on art, history, archaeology and museology. One of its most highly-prized treasures is the bust of the Dama de Elche (Lady of Elche).